The early waves of migration around Lygon Street have – without a doubt – influenced the way in which diversity is celebrated in Melbourne. European migrants arriving since the gold rush era set up local businesses in the area, and young professionals and workers populated Carlton, becoming the catalyst of gentrification of the precinct. This melting pot of nationalities asserted a kind of village lifestyle, where the businesses supported each other and the clientele were neighbours, friends or colleagues.

Some may be surprised to learn that Lygon Street actually used to be the Jewish Ghetto of Melbourne, before the Italians took over post World War II. After a kind of 'turf war' between the Jews and the Italians over Lygon Street in the late 40s, which the Italians won, obviously, the Jews moved south to Balaclava/Caulfield/St Kilda. But prior to this some of the original tenants along the street and in neighbouring streets included Smorgon’s butcher shop, Liebe’s shoe store, Berenholz’s shoe repair, the Markov pharmacy, Lachman’s Greengrocery, Kanatopsky grocery, Altshuler’s Jewish Book Shop, Cohen’s kosher restaurant and the Carlton synagogue, recalls Esther (Shapiro) Rafaeli, a resident of Carlton at the time.

The 1960s and 70s saw Lygon Street emerge with a unique kind of identity, quite unlike anything that Melbourne had experienced thus far. The diversity of cultures created a variety of offering in food, restaurants and shops and the area gained a reputation as the bohemian cousin of the CBD. It was reared on left-wing ideas that challenged the status quo and mainstream beliefs. Here, alternative music, theatre and film were thriving.

Peter Phipps, Researcher of Globalism at RMIT, explained how Lygon Street evolved as a hub for an increasing mix of students, artists and professionals. “Carlton and Lygon Street history is caught up to some extent with the life of the University of Melbourne. There is this history of bohemian mythology, political engagement, theatre and other arts. La Mama continues to be a really strong presence on Lygon Street as a cultural institution.”

Indeed La Mama theatre on Faraday Street, is still an iconic representation of emerging talent and is famous for pioneering the independent theatre scene. The very popular and cosy Nova Cinemas also boast a great offering to moviegoers, with a decent mix of blockbuster and art-house films.

Greta Bird, a dedicated member of the Carlton Resident’s Association (CRA), has spent many years involved in the area, and has long frequented the theatres and restaurants along Lygon Street. Greta is passionate about helping to preserve the cultural uniqueness of Carlton, and stated that the CRA’s charter is “to preserve its structure, its architecture, its amenities – [and] certainly its lifestyle is very much a part of that. I think that the melting pot it once was, and could still be, would be wonderful.”

Despite much of the riff-raff on Lygon’s main drag, the precinct is home to some fantastic restaurants. There’s fancy French bistro Embrasse on Drummond Street, Maurice Esposito’s eponymous sustainable fish restaurant just a block away on Elgin Street, as well as Markov Place and sibling bar Little Markov in between for casual Italian-influenced bar-style dining. Then there's DOC pizzeria, a hub of lively dough-spinning activity with La Lateria fromagerie just a stone’s throw away and Abla’s Lebanese cucina on the same block too.

And, of course, the origins of Melbourne’s coffee culture were born of the Italian espresso bars on Lygon Street. The street is still lined with al-fresco-style dining, and has become a signature of Melbourne that is now typical of cosmopolitan inner-city living. Cafes like Tiamo 2, Carlton Espresso and Brunetti's encourage you to drop in at almost any hour of the day for antipasti, espresso or a dolce.

There aren’t many institutions that remain true to the beginnings of Lygon Street. Those that have survived are the likes of Jimmy Watson’s Wine Bar, La Mama Theatre and Readings bookstore, who are still going strong because of their loyal client base, not unlike the years when Lygon Street was a mere village. The precinct continues to reinvent and challenge itself, for the sake of offering something special to locals and visitors alike. It is undeniable that its heart and soul remains very much intact, and that its rich history of food and culture is forever ingrained along those pavements.